But national statistics tell us that this situation is contributing to dire consequences for Black women, who are dying of these malignancies in disproportionate numbers to other populations. While Caucasian women in the United States are diagnosed more frequently with breast cancer than any other group over the age of 40, data compiled from the SEER database indicates that African American women are approximately 1.4 times more likely to die from the disease. Cervical cancer also strikes African American women disproportionately, compared to Caucasians, making them twice as likely to die from the disease.
Some research suggests breast cancer is more aggressive in Black women, but as we move increasingly into a multi-ethnic culture with more biracial individuals, biologic factors affecting personal risk for women’s cancers can become murkier. For all these reasons, it’s crucial that African American women become more active participants in their own healthcare, both with their doctors and among family members.
First on the to-do list? A frank discussion with family elders – ideally from at least two generations – to review potential family history for breast and cervical cancers among previous generations. Older generations were much more likely to be hush-hush about cancer in the family and may not know specifics about the primary organs affected. But having this talk is a must. Write down their recollections for future reference.
If you’ve been diagnosed with breast or cervical cancer – or any serious condition – it’s in your power to make the most of your interactions with doctors and other clinicians. You can accomplish this in several ways: First, know your exact diagnosis, and review fact sheets on it that are offered by your healthcare provider. Make an appointment with the office’s patient navigator to learn more, and research the condition on well-regarded medical websites (such as the Mayo Clinic or National Institutes of Health).
At your next visit, ask specific questions about treatment: Inpatient or outpatient? Oral or intravenous medications? How will treatment affect your daily function, job, sex life, ability to care for your family? Bring along an extra person to follow-up visits, if possible, who can ask questions you may miss and write all answers down.
Lastly, be on watch for early warning signs of breast and cervical cancers. In the breasts – which ideally should be self-examined monthly – look out for a new lump; soreness; nipple discharge; or a lesion on the skin that’s not’s due to injury. Also note if one breast seems to be significantly larger than the other, and if that’s a new development.
Cervical cancer is more difficult to identify on your own, but be aware of pain during intercourse; any unusual new vaginal discharge, especially if it’s malodorous; bleeding outside of your menstrual cycle; rectal pain; or loss of urinary or bowel control.
Healthcare can intimidate even the most confident and well-educated among us. But don’t let fear paralyze you from seeking necessary screenings for breast and cervical cancer or stop you from being your own best advocate. Your life may depend on it.
